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United States Department of Health and Human Services, Radiation Emergency Medical Management
The dose of radiation expected to cause death within 30 days to 50% of those exposed without medical treatment. The generally accepted dose is about 400 rem received over a short period of time.
Industry:Medical devices
A process used to filter and remove white blood cells from whole blood before transfusion. Leukocytes are removed from blood because they provide no benefit to the recipient but may carry bacteria and viruses to the recipient. Patients who receive blood that has not been leuko-reduced may have adverse effects, including fever with chills; alloimmunization, an immune system reaction that can compromise a later transfusion; and the transmission of viruses, including cytomegalovirus, which can be dangerous for low-birth weight infants and to immunosuppressed patients.
Industry:Medical devices
Acute radiation exposure (more than 1,000 rads) to a small, localized part of the body. Most local radiation injuries do not cause death. However, if the exposure is from penetrating radiation (neutrons, x-rays, or gamma rays), internal organs may be damaged and some symptoms of acute radiation syndrome (ars), including death, may occur. Local radiation injury invariably involves skin damage, and a skin graft or other surgery may be required. See also cdc’s fact sheet “acute radiation syndrome” at http://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/ars.asp.
Industry:Medical devices
Radioactively contaminated industrial or research waste, such as paper, rags, plastic bags, medical waste, and water-treatment residues. It is waste that does not meet the criteria for any of three other categories of radioactive waste: spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste; transuranic radioactive waste; or uranium mill tailings. Its categorization does not depend on the level of radioactivity it contains.
Industry:Medical devices
The energy of an explosion that is equivalent to an explosion of 1 million tons of tnt. One megaton is equal to a quintillion (1018) calories. See also kiloton.
Industry:Medical devices
A combination of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded. A molecule is the smallest unit of a compound that can exist by itself and retain all of its chemical properties.
Industry:Medical devices
Determining the amount of ionizing radiation or radioactive contamination present. Also referred to as surveying.
Industry:Medical devices
Pertaining to the pathologic process resulting in the formation and growth of an abnormal mass of tissue.
Industry:Medical devices
A small atomic particle possessing no electrical charge, typically found within an atom's nucleus. Neutrons are, as the name implies, neutral in their charge. That is, they have neither a positive nor a negative charge. A neutron has about the same mass as a proton. See also alpha particle, beta particles, gamma rays, nucleon, x-ray.
Industry:Medical devices
Radiation that has lower energy levels and longer wavelengths than ionizing radiation. It is not strong enough to affect the structure of atoms it contacts but is strong enough to heat tissue and can cause harmful biological effects. Examples include radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and infrared from a heat lamp.
Industry:Medical devices
