Created by: karen.west
Number of Blossarys: 1
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cells found in the amniotic fluid that surrounds a fetus. They are not pluripotent like embryonic stem cells, but research has shown that they can differentiate into more cell types than adult stem cells.
細胞は、胎児を囲む羊水で発見。彼らは、胚性幹細胞などの多能性ではないが、研究は、成体幹細胞よりも多くの細胞型に分化できることが示されている。
General term for cell without self-renewal ability that contributes to tissue formation. In some cases it generates tissue stem cells.
Precancerous cell that gives rise to a cancer stem cell. May be a mutated stem cell, or a progenitor cell that has acquired self-renewal capacity through mutation.
がん幹細胞を生じさせる前癌細胞。変異幹細胞、または突然変異によって自己再生能力を獲得した前駆細胞であってもよい。
Cell that can produce a new cancer upon transplantation. A key property of a cancer stem cell.
Reconstitution of tissue by functional incorporation of transplanted stem-cell progeny. Distinct from 'bystander' trophic, anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory effects of introduced cells.
移植幹細胞の子孫の機能取り込みによる組織の再構成。導入した細胞の"傍観者"栄養、抗炎症または免疫調節効果は異なる。
The process of turning scientific knowledge into approved medical treatments, through a series of carefully controlled research and approval steps.
注意深く制御研究および承認の一連のステップを通じて、承認された治療法に科学的知識を回すのプロセス。
Investigation of properties of single cells. Essential for formal demonstration of self-renewal and potency.
Engagement in a programme leading to differentiation. For a stem cell, this means it no longer retains the ability to self-renew.
差別化につながるプログラムに関与。幹細胞の場合、これはそれはもはや自己複製する能力を保持しないことを意味します。
The hypothesis of selective retention of parental DNA strands during asymmetric self-renewal. Potential mechanism to protect stem cells from the mutations associated with replication.
自己再生の非対称時の親のDNA鎖の選択的保持の仮説。レプリケーションに関連する変異から幹細胞を保護するための潜在的なメカニズム。
Lifelong renewal of tissue by transplanted cells. The definitive test for haematopoietic, epidermal and spermatogonial stem cells.
Able to form two or more mature cell types within a tissue. For example, neural stem cells that can create a subset of neurons in the brain are oligopotent.
組織内に2つ以上の成熟した細胞型を形成することができる。例えば、脳内の神経細胞のサブセットを作成することができる神経幹細胞はoligopotentです。
Eggs that are fertilized and develop to approximately 2-3 days old in a laboratory (in vitro fertilization) and are ready for implantation for the purposes of human reproduction or removal of stem cells for the purposes of research.
受精して実験室（体外受精）の古い約2〜3日に開発している卵は、研究の目的のために人で生殖幹細胞の除去の目的のために注入するための準備が整いました。
the use of cloning technology to create a child.
Unproven notion that different stem cells are regulated by common genes and mechanisms.
さまざまな幹細胞が共通の遺伝子やメカニズムによって規制されていることを証明されていないが概念。
the use of cloning technology to help in the search for possible cures and treatments for diseases and disabilities.
Stem cells that can renew and give rise to only a single mature cell type.
Stem cells that have been growing in cell culture for six or more months without becoming specialized and appear genetically normal.
専門的になるとすることなく6つ以上の月間細胞培養中で成長されている幹細胞は、遺伝的に正常に表示されます。
The replacement of genetic material (nuclear DNA) in an unfertilized egg with genetic material from an adult somatic cell (e.g., skin cell). Stem cells that genetically match the adult somatic cell donor can be derived from this process.
成体の体細胞（例えば、皮膚の細胞）からの遺伝物質と未受精卵の遺伝物質の交換（核DNA）。遺伝的に成体の体細胞のドナーに一致する幹細胞は、このプロセスから得ることができます。
A gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord recently shown to be a source of potentially pluripotent stem cells.
the process by which stem cells acquire the features of specialized adult cells such as those found in heart, brain and pancreatic tissue.
The ability of a stem cell to divide and produce copies of itself for an indefinite period of time. This is the defining property of stem cells.
undifferentiated cells that have the potential to become a limited number of specific cell types. These multipotent cells are found in small quantities in umbilical cord blood and adult tissues. There is limited evidence that one type of adult stem cells can produce cells that naturally come from another type of adult stem cells.
特定の細胞型の限られた数になる可能性がある未分化細胞。多能性細胞は、臍帯血および成体組織における少量で発見されます。成体幹細胞の 1 つのタイプが当然のことながら成体幹細胞の別のタイプから来る細胞を生産できること限られた証拠があります。
An early stage embryo of about 100 cells that has not yet implanted into the womb. The blastocyst is a sphere made up of an outer layer of cells, a fluid-filled cavity and cluster of cells inside called the inner cell mass. The blastocyst develops after cleavage and prior to implantation at approximately five days. Further reproductive development occurs only if the blastocyst is successfully implanted in the uterus.
初期段階胚 about 100 細胞のない、まだ子宮に注入されています。胚盤胞は、細胞の外側の層から成って球、液体で満たされた空洞とクラスター内の細胞の内側と呼ばれる細胞塊。胸の谷間の後、約 5 日間で移植前に胚盤胞を開発します。さらに生殖開発は胚盤胞は、子宮に着床正常に場合にのみ発生します。
A cell produced during cleavage of a fertilized egg.
General term for cell without self-renewal ability that contributes to tissue formation. In some cases it generates tissue stem cells.
細胞組織形成に貢献する自己更新機能を使用しないための一般用語。いくつかのケースで組織幹細胞を生成します。
An early stage embryo of about 100 cells that has not yet implanted into the womb. The blastocyst is a sphere made up of an outer layer of cells, a fluid-filled cavity and cluster of cells inside called the inner cell mass. The blastocyst develops after cleavage and prior to implantation at approximately five days. Further reproductive development occurs only if the blastocyst is successfully implanted in the uterus.
初期段階胚 about 100 細胞のない、まだ子宮に注入されています。胚盤胞は、細胞の外側の層から成って球、液体で満たされた空洞とクラスター内の細胞の内側と呼ばれる細胞塊。胸の谷間の後、約 5 日間で移植前に胚盤胞を開発します。さらに生殖開発は胚盤胞は、子宮に着床正常に場合にのみ発生します。
Cell division resulting in two daughter cells with different properties. Observed in some but not all stem cells and can occur in other types of progenitor cell.
細胞分裂は、異なるプロパティを持つ 2 つの娘細胞に終って。いくつかではなく観察すべて幹細胞および前駆細胞の他の種類で発生することができます。
The growth of cells in a laboratory dish for experimental research. The cells are grown in a solution, or medium, that contains nutrients and growth factors. Different factors can be added to the culture medium to initiate changes in cell behaviour.
実験研究の実験室の皿で細胞の成長。ソリューションでは、細胞が成長してまたは栄養素および成長因子を含んだ媒体。さまざまな要因は細胞の行動の変更を開始する培養培地に追加できます。
A population of cells all carrying the same genes, grown in the laboratory through many cycles of growth and division over many generations of cells.
A research study in human subjects to answer specific questions about vaccines or new therapies or new ways of using known treatments. Clinical trials are used to determine whether new drugs or treatments are both safe and effective. Trials take place in four phases: Phase I tests a new drug or treatment in a small group; Phase II expands the study to a larger group of people; Phase III expands the study to an even larger group of people; and Phase IV takes place after the drug or treatment has been licensed and marketed.
ワクチンや新しい治療法、知られている治療を使用しての新しい方法について特定の質問に答える人を対象に調査研究。臨床試験は、新しい薬や治療法が安全かつ効果的かどうかを判断する使用されます。4 つのフェーズで行われる試験: 小グループ; 新しい薬や治療法をテスト私は相フェーズ II は人々 の大きいグループに研究を展開フェーズ III 人々; のさらに大きなグループへの研究の拡大フェーズ IV 薬後に行われますや治療を認可されており販売。
To create a copy. “Therapeutic cloning” creates a line of stem cells genetically identical to the originating cell for use in research. “Reproductive cloning” creates an organism genetically identical to the organism providing the originating cell.
コピーを作成します。「治療目的のクローニング"幹細胞ライン使用元セルに遺伝的に同一研究に作成されます。「生殖目的のクローニング」元の細胞を提供する有機体に遺伝的に同一有機体作成します。
The developing human organism (a group of cells) that arise from a fertilized egg (after merging of egg and sperm). An embryo does have the potential to become a complete organism. The embryonic stage ends at eight weeks of development.
発展途上人間有機体 (細胞のグループ) (卵と精子の結合) の後に受精卵から発生します。胚は完全な生物になる可能性を持っています。萌芽期の段階は開発の 8 週間で終了します。
Primitive (undifferentiated) cells that have the potential to become a wide variety of specialized cell types (i.e., cardiac myocytes, neuronal, pancreatic). They are pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells are NOT embryos and cannot become a complete organism.
さまざまな専門にされたセルタイプ （すなわち、心筋細胞、神経細胞、膵臓) になる可能性のある原始的 （未分化) 細胞。彼らは多能性細胞の胚盤胞の内部細胞塊から派生しました。胚性幹細胞は胚および完全な生物になることはできません。
A developing human from the eighth week of gestation to birth.
One of the two or more cells formed in the division of a single cell.
A reproductive cell containing half of the genetic material necessary to form a complete human organism. During fertilization, male and female gametes (sperm and ovum, respectively) fuse, producing a zygote.
完全な人間の有機体を形成するために必要な遺伝材料の半分を含む生殖細胞。受精、男性と女性の配偶子の中に （精子と卵子、それぞれ)、受精卵の生産のヒューズ。
Cells comprising actual reproductive components of a human organism (e.g., eggs, sperm).
Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive. Haemotopoietic stem cells give rise to distinct two cells - one a replica of the stem cell and one a cell that will further proliferate and differentiate into a mature blood cell.
すべての血液細胞の派生元となる前駆細胞。Haemotopoietic 幹細胞は、異なる 2 つのセル - 幹細胞のレプリカ 1 つに上昇を与えると 1 つが、さらに細胞増殖し、成熟した血液細胞に分化します。
Stem cells that give rise to all the blood cell types
Stem cells that give rise to all the blood cell types
Self-renewing cell responsible for sustaining a cancer and for producing differentiated progeny that form the bulk of the cancer. Cancer stem cells identified in leukaemias and certain solid tumours are critical therapeutic targets.
自己細胞癌を維持するため、生産のための責任分化癌の大部分を形成する子孫。がん幹細胞白血病およびある特定の固体腫瘍には重要な治療上のターゲットです。
Self-renewing cell responsible for sustaining a cancer and for producing differentiated progeny that form the bulk of the cancer. Cancer stem cells identified in leukaemias and certain solid tumours are critical therapeutic targets.
自己細胞癌を維持するため、生産のための責任分化癌の大部分を形成する子孫。がん幹細胞白血病およびある特定の固体腫瘍には重要な治療上のターゲットです。
The functional cell type of the liver. Hepatocytes make enzymes for detoxifying metabolic waste, synthesise proteins for the blood plasma, produce bile and help control blood sugar levels within narrow limits.
肝臓の機能細胞タイプ。肝細胞代謝廃棄物を解毒酵素を作る、血血しょうのための蛋白質を合成、胆汁を作り出す、狭い範囲にコントロール血糖値を助けます。
Adult cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like state.
A type of white blood cell and a versatile part of the immune system. Constantly on patrol, macrophages can find and kill many different kinds of bacteria. They are usually the first responders to any invasion of the body.
白血球細胞と免疫システムの汎用性の高い一部の型。常にパトロール、マクロファージを見つけるし、できますさまざまな細菌を殺します。彼らは通常、体内に侵入する最初のレスポンダーです。
A globular solid mass of cells (called blastomeres) formed by cleavage of a zygote.
Term used to describe cells with a common ancestry, that is developing from the same type of identifiable immature cell.
The cluster of cells found inside the blastocyst that gives rise to all the cells of the body in the developing human organism.
Able form multiple mature cell types that constitute an entire tissue or tissues. Example: haematopoietic (blood) stem cells.
できる全体の組織または組織を構成する複数の成熟細胞タイプを形成します。例: 造血 （血液） 幹細胞。
Stem cells that can give rise to a limited number of other cell types. They are committed to becoming a variety of cell types associated with specific functions or organs/tissues (e.g., blood, heart, muscle) in the body. For example, blood stem cells give rise to red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
幹細胞が他の細胞型の限られた数を生じさせることができます。彼らは、さまざまな種類の細胞の特定の機能または臓器・組織 (例えば、血液、心臓、筋肉)、ボディの関連付けになることに努めています。たとえば、血液幹細胞を生じ赤血球、白血球、血小板。
Cellular micro-environment providing the support and stimuli necessary to sustain self-renewal
An egg before maturation; a female gametocyte; also called an ovocyte.
The oval spongy structure in the uterus from which the fetus derives its nourishment and oxygen. The placenta develops from the outer cell layer of the blastocyst, called the trophoblast.
子宮の胎児に栄養と酸素の派生元の海綿状楕円形の構造。胎盤の絨毛と呼ばれる胚盤胞の外側の細胞層から成長します。
Unproven notion that tissue stem cells may be able to generate the cell types of another tissue under certain conditions.
Able to form all the body's cell lineages, including germ cells, and some or even all extraembryonic cell types. Example: embryonic stem cells.
いくつかまたはすべての種類の非胚性細胞と生殖細胞を含む、すべての身体の細胞系譜を形成することができます。例: 胚性幹細胞。
Stem cells that can develop into all the different cell types in the body except the placenta. They give rise to mulitpotent and unipotent stem cells as the embryo develops.
幹細胞は胎盤を除いて体のすべての異なった細胞のタイプに発展することができます。胚が発展するにつれ mulitpotent と単能性幹細胞を生みます。
The range of commitment options available to a cell.
The beginning of the vertebral column in the human embryo that develops at approximately 14 days after conception.
Generic term for any dividing cell with the capacity to give rise to another cell type. Includes possible stem cells in which self-renewal has not yet been demonstrated.
別のセルタイプを生じさせる能力を持つ任意の分割セルの一般的な用語。可能な幹細胞が自己更新まだ実証されていないが含まれています。
Reconstruction of diseased or injured tissue by activation of resident cells or by cell transplantation.
Increase in potency. Occurs naturally in regenerative organisms (dedifferentiation). Induced experimentally in mammalian cells by nuclear transfer, cell fusion, genetic manipulation or in vitro culture.
効力を高めます。自然再生生物 （分化） に発生します。核移植、細胞融合、遺伝子操作または体外培養による哺乳類細胞を誘導し。
A type of white blood cell and a versatile part of the immune system. Constantly on patrol, macrophages can find and kill many different kinds of bacteria. They are usually the first responders to any invasion of the body.
白血球細胞と免疫システムの汎用性の高い一部の型。常にパトロール、マクロファージを見つけるし、できますさまざまな細菌を殺します。彼らは通常、体内に侵入する最初のレスポンダーです。
Any of the cells of a plant or animal other than germ cells (reproductive cells)
The ability of a stem cell to divide and produce copies of itself for an indefinite period of time. This is the defining property of stem cells.
The outer layer of cells of the blastocyst that attach to the uterine wall and give rise to the placenta.
Forms a single mature cell type. For example, spermatogonial stem cells are unipotent, as they can only form sperm cells.
A cell that can continuously produce unaltered daughters and also has the ability to produce daughter cells that have different, more restricted properties.
セルを継続的に不変の娘を作り出すことができるし、また別より制限されたプロパティを持つ娘の細胞を生産する能力を持っています。
Cells from the body other than sperm or egg cells.
The master cells of the body that contain all the genetic information needed to create all the cells of the body and the placenta. Totipotent cells exist only in the first three to four divisions of the fertilized egg and give rise to the next stage of development — the pluripotent stem cells.
胎盤や体のすべてのセルの作成に必要な遺伝情報を含む、マスター、体の細胞。全能細胞の受精卵の 3 〜 4 部門、最初にのみ存在して開発の次の段階に上昇を与える — 多能性幹細胞。
Sufficient to form entire organism. The zygote is totipotent; not demonstrated for any vertebrate stem cell.
A single cell resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and egg) at fertilization.
Stem cell derived from, or resident in, a fetal or adult tissue, with potency limited to cells of that tissue. These cells sustain turnover and repair throughout life in some tissues.
幹細胞や胎児または大人のティッシュに常駐しているから、その組織の細胞に限られた効力を持つ。これらの細胞の売り上げ高を維持し、いくつかの組織での生活の中で修復します。
Stem cell derived from, or resident in, a fetal or adult tissue, with potency limited to cells of that tissue. These cells sustain turnover and repair throughout life in some tissues.
幹細胞や胎児または大人のティッシュに常駐しているから、その組織の細胞に限られた効力を持つ。これらの細胞の売り上げ高を維持し、いくつかの組織での生活の中で修復します。
A technique in which an egg is fertilized outside the body. For use in assisted reproduction, the fertilized egg is implanted in the uterus at approximately three to four days of cell division for the purpose of development into a baby. For use in research, the fertilized egg is maintained in cell culture until it develops into the blastocyst stage at approximately five days of cell division and stem cells can be removed.
卵を体外受精技術。生殖補助医療での使用、受精卵を子宮に着床して細胞分裂、赤ちゃんへの開発の目的のための約 3 ～ 4 日では。研究で使用するため約 5 日間の細胞分裂で胚盤胞期に発達し、幹細胞を除去することができますまで、受精卵は細胞培養で維持されます。
A process that takes place in the laboratory (e.g., in cell culture).
The functional cell type of the liver. Hepatocytes make enzymes for detoxifying metabolic waste, synthesise proteins for the blood plasma, produce bile and help control blood sugar levels within narrow limits.
肝臓の機能細胞タイプ。肝細胞代謝廃棄物を解毒酵素を作る、血血しょうのための蛋白質を合成、胆汁を作り出す、狭い範囲にコントロール血糖値を助けます。
